Parasite Worms in Dogs
Digestive system parasites are more dangerous for puppies than adult dogs, but worms can cause discomfort and poor health in dogs of any age. Parasitic worms are identified by a fecal test administered by your veterinarian and treatment is usually fast and effective. Because some worm species can be spread to humans, regular deworming of dogs and puppies may be recommended.
Roundworms
Roundworms, also known as ascarids, are common in dogs and puppies. Puppies usually acquire roundworms from the mother dog, either during fetal development or during nursing. Roundworm infections can be fatal in puppies and the Merck Manual recommends that they should be dewormed regularly during the first three months of life. The mother should be dewormed prior to giving birth to reduce transmission to the puppies. Symptoms of roundworm infection include a pot-bellied appearance, diarrhea and poor growth. It is diagnosed with a fecal exam.
Hookworms
Hookworms can cause diarrhea and poor growth in puppies and in some cases, fatal anemia and pneumonia. If possible, female dogs should be hookworm-free before breeding and protected from exposure during pregnancy. Litters should be treated for hookworms during the first three months of life. Anemic puppies may need blood transfusions or supplemental iron, and should be fed a high-protein diet until hemoglobin levels stabilize.
Whipworms
Whipworms live in the large intestine, latching onto the intestinal wall. Eggs are passed in a dog's feces where they are spread to other dogs. Whipworms are common in kennels. Whipworms cause weight loss and diarrhea. In severe infections, there may be blood in the feces.
Tapeworms
Tapeworms are segmented worms that live in the intestines of infected dogs. Most dogs acquire tapeworms by ingesting fleas or by eating wild prey. Tapeworm infections cause poor digestion, mild diarrhea and a variable appetite. Adequate flea treatment and limited access to rodents and roadkill will reduce the likelihood of tapeworms in dogs.
Flukes
Dogs can acquire intestinal flukes by eating raw or improperly prepared salmon or other fish. Snakes, frogs and snails can also spread flukes. Flukes cause intestinal inflammation, bleeding in the lungs and skin disorders. Fluke infections are regional---they are more common in northwestern USA and southwestern Canada.
Threadworms
In dogs with a weakened immune system, threadworms can be serious. Larvae are swallowed or may penetrate the skin. Threadworms cause bloody diarrhea and are more common in hot, humid regions of the country. Threadworms can be spread to humans, so care should be taken when treated and handling infected dogs.
Stomach Worms
Dog that eat beetles, cockroaches, cricket or frogs may be at risk for stomach worms. These parasites can cause vomiting, loss of appetite and dark feces. Anemia and weight loss may accompany a severe infection.
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