A domestic dog's kennel and a wild wolf's den serve a similar purpose.
Different dogs have different needs, but all require some form of shelter. A domestic dog's dwelling also serves the same purpose as a den to its wild counterparts, providing the dog with a sense of security, comfort and protection. A shelter may be simple or elaborate. It may be solely for the dog's comfort, or it may be used in training or limiting unwanted behavior while the dog is alone.
Dog Houses
Dog houses provide a warm, dry space for dogs during inclement weather.
Dog houses vary widely in size and design, but several attributes are common among all of them. A dog house is a small, simple shelter with a roof to protect against the elements and a door for entering and leaving. Bedding material adds comfort and may be made of a simple bed of straw, a pile of blankets or a store-bought dog bed. Windows and vents to facilitate air flow are optional. Many states and cities have laws that dictate standards for dog houses to ensure a suitable size to accommodate the dog and retain body heat. In colder climates, a pet door or wind break is often required during the winter.
Kennels
Many domestic dogs spend part of their time in a kennel. A properly used kennel appeals to a dog's denning instinct, providing it with a secure space in which to rest comfortably. Kennels are also used to housebreak puppies by keeping them confined within a small space until it is time to go outside. Dogs will avoid eliminating in their kennels whenever they can, and crating periods of up to four hours are often effective in housebreaking. Longer periods are not recommended, as puppies may not be able to wait and their eventual loss of control can have a lasting negative impact on training. Puppies and adult dogs may also sleep in their kennels or retreat to them when they are hurt or frightened.
Outdoor Enclosures
Outdoor kennels provide room for exercise and play as well as shelter.
Many areas have strict laws that require outdoor enclosures for dogs who stay outside. Simply placing a dog in a large outdoor kennel or fenced area is often insufficient for the animal's needs because shade and rain protection are still required. Size guidelines vary from state to state and range from a general rule requiring adequate space to specific minimum dimensions according to the dog's age or size. Outdoor kennels typically feature an open area for movement and a dog house or sheltered section to protect the dog from adverse weather.
Barns and Sheds
Barns or sheds are often dwellings for farm and herding dogs.
Farm dogs come from a variety of breeds and serve many purposes on a farm and their shelter should reflect their specific needs. A herding dog must be able to herd and protect livestock, so its access cannot be restricted. An enclosed outdoor kennel will not suffice, but the dog may find shelter in a suitably prepared barn or shed. As with dog houses, the floor of the barn should have an area with hay or bedding for the dog to rest and it should provide protection from cold, heat and precipitation.
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